In an experiment, what is the independent variable?

The independent variable is defined as the factor that is intentionally changed or manipulated in an experiment to observe its effects on the dependent variable. This means that the researcher alters this variable to test its impact on another variable, which is typically what they are measuring or observing. For example, in a plant growth experiment, the amount of sunlight each plant receives would be the independent variable if the researcher changes it to see how it affects growth.

Understanding this distinction is crucial because it allows scientists to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships within their experiments. The correct identification of the independent variable helps establish a clear framework for experimental design and analysis.