What are mutations in the context of genetics?

Mutations refer to errors in gene replication that can alter DNA sequences. This process can occur spontaneously during cell division when DNA is copied. These alterations can take several forms, such as substitutions, deletions, or insertions of nucleotides within the DNA sequence. Such changes may affect how genes function, potentially leading to variations in traits among individuals or even contributing to the development of diseases.

While other options mention changes to genetic material, they do not accurately capture the concept of mutations. Organized changes or natural corrections imply a systematic approach or purpose, which does not reflect the random nature of mutations. Intentional changes made by scientists relate more to genetic engineering rather than the natural process of mutations. This distinction is crucial for understanding the role of mutations in genetic variation and evolution.