What is thermal energy?

Thermal energy is defined as the energy that arises from the temperature of matter. This form of energy relates to the kinetic energy of particles within an object or substance, which are in constant motion. As the temperature increases, the particles move more vigorously, resulting in greater thermal energy. This concept is fundamental in understanding heat transfer, where thermal energy can be transferred between objects of different temperatures.

In contrast, potential energy stored in chemical bonds relates to the energy potential within molecules, not the energy dictated by temperature. Energy produced by chemical reactions refers to the energy changes occurring during those reactions, while energy transferred during physical changes may involve thermal energy but is not exclusively about the energy due to temperature. Thus, the definition provided by the correct answer specifically focuses on temperature as the key characteristic of thermal energy.