What type of rock is formed by the accumulation of sediments?

Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of sedimentation, where particles such as sand, silt, and clay accumulate over time. These sediments are often deposited in layers and can originate from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks or the remains of biological organisms. As layers build up, the weight of the material above compresses the layers below, leading to lithification, where sediments are compacted and cemented together to form solid rock.

This process is essential for creating sedimentary rock, which is often characterized by its layered appearance and can contain fossils, providing insight into the Earth's history and past environments. Understanding this formation process is crucial for studying geological formations and interpreting the historical context of the Earth's surface.