Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and permafrost?

The tundra biome is characterized by its distinct low temperatures and the presence of permafrost, which is permanently frozen subsoil. This biome is found primarily in high-latitude regions, such as the Arctic, where it experiences long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The permafrost layer restricts the growth of roots, leading to a vegetation cover that consists mainly of mosses, lichens, low shrubs, and grasses.

In addition to climate conditions, the tundra has a unique ecosystem that includes specially adapted flora and fauna that can withstand harsh environmental conditions, such as migratory birds, caribou, and various insects. The low temperatures and limited precipitation contribute to a short growing season, further defining the biome's characteristics.

Understanding the tundra's conditions is essential for recognizing its ecological significance and the adaptations of the organisms that inhabit it.