Which scientist is known for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation?

Isaac Newton is renowned for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which are foundational concepts in classical physics. His three laws of motion describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it, laying the groundwork for much of modern science and engineering. Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every point mass attracts every other point mass in the universe with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This principle not only elucidates the motion of celestial bodies but also governs movements on Earth, making his contributions crucial for both theoretical and practical applications in various scientific fields.