Which structure in cells is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins?

The Golgi apparatus is a critical cellular structure involved in the packaging and distribution of proteins. It functions as a processing center where proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are modified, sorted, and packaged into vesicles for transport to their final destinations, either within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

Proteins produced by ribosomes are initially synthesized in a linear form and often require modifications such as glycosylation or phosphorylation to become functional. Once processed, the Golgi apparatus ensures these proteins are correctly folded and packaged, preparing them for transport.

In contrast, mitochondria are primarily involved in energy production through cellular respiration, while the nucleus houses genetic material and is responsible for regulating gene expression. Ribosomes play an essential role in protein synthesis but lack the capabilities for packaging and distribution. This specialization in function highlights the importance of the Golgi apparatus in the overall process of protein management within the cell.