Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidifying of magma or lava?

Igneous rock is formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies. This process occurs either beneath the Earth's surface, where magma cools slowly to form intrusive igneous rock, or above the surface, where lava cools quickly to form extrusive igneous rock. The formation of igneous rocks is a crucial part of the rock cycle and is characterized by their crystalline texture, which results from the cooling process.

Sedimentary rocks, on the other hand, form from the accumulation of sediments, which can include particles of other rocks, minerals, and organic materials, typically in water. Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rocks due to intense heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids, but they do not originate from the cooling of magma or lava. Organic rock generally comprises materials derived from living organisms but does not involve the processes associated with the cooling of molten material.